KGV的炮塔表现很坏,是BB界的常识。这个认识基于的事实是非常清楚的,那就是,无论是丹麦海峡海战的POW,还是击沉俾斯麦之战的KGV,还是北角海战的DOY,都表现出了严重的火力输出问题。而且英国人自己对于它们的表现也是非常不满意的。
对这事实,我没什么好说的。而且我也不想否认KGV的炮塔确实是有毛病的。
但是我想有一点应该引起注意,那就是,英国人遭受这些问题所处的环境是极为特殊的,这些海战的考验,是其他国家的战列舰未曾遭受过的。
上述海战共同的特点是,北大西洋,海况极其恶劣,英国战列舰在此环境下,作了长时间的快速射击。如果要做一个公平的考察,寻找其他国家战列舰的类似战例,会发现这是根本找不到的。
先排除炮塔调试都没做完就参战的POW。
KGV在俾斯麦最后一战,从0850开火,初期达到每分钟1.7轮齐射,直到1020停火。全过程约90分钟。发射了339发炮弹。
DOY在北角海战,从1648到1844,1901到1928,前后约两个半小时,打了450发炮弹。
值得注意的是,这两次海战,事故的集中爆发都是从第20轮齐射以后开始的。
KGV在0920发生A炮塔卡死,此时已经发射23轮。托维在事后报告中特别指出,之前的演练标准是25轮,所以看不出问题。DOY在前20轮全齐射中,有效输出率达到了80%,不算好(有一门炮从第6轮开始就卡死了),但也不离谱,合格水平。
我能找到的与其最为类似的战例,大概是第二次苏尔特湾海战里的利托里奥,在两个半小时的作战里打了181发。已经算多的,但显而易见,远没有到DOY的程度。
卡萨布兰卡的马萨诸塞号,射击速度远比上述战例要慢得多,但在多轮射击以后,机械故障也开始爆发,火力输出锐减,甚至一度只有1门炮可用:


最后值得一晒的是苏里高的西弗吉尼亚,其主炮系统刚刚完成了全面的现代化改造,其炮术表现表现一直广受称道。但是其战斗报告则呈现了另一面:

从第6轮齐射开始,就不正常了。
文字描述更加触目惊心:
(a) (4) As in previous firings, ventilation of the lower handling rooms and magazines again proved entirely inadequate. The ship had been in Condition I Easy from 1940 the previous evening and ventilation was maintained up until the time for breaking out powder. With the men lying down and resting as much as possible they were exhausted due to the extreme heat and lack of air and would not have been able to continue the ammunition supply without reliefs many more minutes. When the ammunition train is filled and all ventilation is shut off the situation is greatly aggravated. A more adequate ventilation system is essential. An additional supply blower in the wing pockets, venting to the lower rooms seems feasible. This plan was suggested by the USS Maryland's letter to ComInch BB46/S38-1/S72 (of 90) (0147) of 18 July 1944. Also additional supply ducts to the magazines are required.
即,因为通风不畅,炮塔下部极端炎热且缺乏空气,打了这么十几轮,炮组成员就要躺在地上喘气,无力继续供弹了。
对这事实,我没什么好说的。而且我也不想否认KGV的炮塔确实是有毛病的。
但是我想有一点应该引起注意,那就是,英国人遭受这些问题所处的环境是极为特殊的,这些海战的考验,是其他国家的战列舰未曾遭受过的。
上述海战共同的特点是,北大西洋,海况极其恶劣,英国战列舰在此环境下,作了长时间的快速射击。如果要做一个公平的考察,寻找其他国家战列舰的类似战例,会发现这是根本找不到的。
先排除炮塔调试都没做完就参战的POW。
KGV在俾斯麦最后一战,从0850开火,初期达到每分钟1.7轮齐射,直到1020停火。全过程约90分钟。发射了339发炮弹。
DOY在北角海战,从1648到1844,1901到1928,前后约两个半小时,打了450发炮弹。
值得注意的是,这两次海战,事故的集中爆发都是从第20轮齐射以后开始的。
KGV在0920发生A炮塔卡死,此时已经发射23轮。托维在事后报告中特别指出,之前的演练标准是25轮,所以看不出问题。DOY在前20轮全齐射中,有效输出率达到了80%,不算好(有一门炮从第6轮开始就卡死了),但也不离谱,合格水平。
我能找到的与其最为类似的战例,大概是第二次苏尔特湾海战里的利托里奥,在两个半小时的作战里打了181发。已经算多的,但显而易见,远没有到DOY的程度。
卡萨布兰卡的马萨诸塞号,射击速度远比上述战例要慢得多,但在多轮射击以后,机械故障也开始爆发,火力输出锐减,甚至一度只有1门炮可用:


最后值得一晒的是苏里高的西弗吉尼亚,其主炮系统刚刚完成了全面的现代化改造,其炮术表现表现一直广受称道。但是其战斗报告则呈现了另一面:

从第6轮齐射开始,就不正常了。
文字描述更加触目惊心:
(a) (4) As in previous firings, ventilation of the lower handling rooms and magazines again proved entirely inadequate. The ship had been in Condition I Easy from 1940 the previous evening and ventilation was maintained up until the time for breaking out powder. With the men lying down and resting as much as possible they were exhausted due to the extreme heat and lack of air and would not have been able to continue the ammunition supply without reliefs many more minutes. When the ammunition train is filled and all ventilation is shut off the situation is greatly aggravated. A more adequate ventilation system is essential. An additional supply blower in the wing pockets, venting to the lower rooms seems feasible. This plan was suggested by the USS Maryland's letter to ComInch BB46/S38-1/S72 (of 90) (0147) of 18 July 1944. Also additional supply ducts to the magazines are required.
即,因为通风不畅,炮塔下部极端炎热且缺乏空气,打了这么十几轮,炮组成员就要躺在地上喘气,无力继续供弹了。