条件状语从句分类　　条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
　　英语：
　　If he doesn't hurry up,he will miss the
bus.如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实)
　　If he is free,he will ask me to tell
stories.如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实）
　　If I were you,I would go at
once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（我不可能是你。非真实，虚拟语气）
　　If there were no air,people would
die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（不可能没有空气。非真实，虚拟语气）
用法及动词形式　　1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：
　　从句：If 主语+过去时(Be动词用were)
　　主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do
　　eg：
1．If I were you,I would take an umbrella.
　　如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）
　　2．If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.
　　如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）
　　3．If there were no air or water,there would be no
living things on the earth.
　　如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)
　　4．If I had any money with me,I could lend you some.
　　如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没有带钱）
　　5．If he studied harder,he might pass the exam.
　　如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力）
　　6．she looked at me as if I had been a stranger.
　　她看我的样子好像我是一个陌生人。（事实：我并非陌生人）
　　7．If I were you, I'd wear a shirt and tie.
　　如果我是你，我就会穿衬衫和领带。(事实：我并不是你）
　　2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
　　从句：If 主语+had+done
　　主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done
eg：
　　1． If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met
her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。
　　（事实：去晚了）
　　2．If he had taken my advice,he would not have made
such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
　　（事实：没有听我的话）
　　3、表示对将来情况的主观推测　　
　　从句：①if+主语+were to do
　　②if+主语+should/would/could/might+do
　　③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were
　　主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do　
　　eg：
　　1．If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
　　如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小）
　　2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not
go skating.
　　如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：下雪可能性很小）
　　3．If she were to be here next Monday,I would tell her
about the matter.
　　如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。（事实：来的可能性很小）
　　4、
有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。


　　①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。
　　eg：
　　If I had worked hard at school,I would be an
engineer,too.
　　如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了
　　If they had informed us,we would not come here now.
　　如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。
　　②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
　　如：
　　If he were free today,we would have sent him to
Beijing.
　　如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。
　　If he knew her,he would have greeted her.
　　要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
　　5、
当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were,should,had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。eg：
　　Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.
　　要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。
　　Were she here,she would agree with us.
　　如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
　　Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him
to work here.
　　如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
　　6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…，but
for…等　　
eg：
　　But for his help,we would be working now.
　　要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
　　Without your instruction,I would not have made such
great progress.
　　要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
　　We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would
have telephoned him.
　　我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。
　　7、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
　　①省略从句
　　He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
　　You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。
　　②省略主句
　　If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
　　If only I had got it. 要是只有我得到它了该多好啊。
　　8.注意，在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was。
　　eg：If I were you,I would go to look for him.
　　如果我是你，就会去找他。
编辑本段各类用法
目的状语从句　　1、在for
fear that,in case,lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + do。并且
should能省略
　　She examined the door again for fear that a thief
(should) come in.
　　她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。
　　He started out earlier lest he (should) be late.
　　他早早的就出发了以防迟到。
　　2、在so that,in order that
所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / could / may / might / will / would /
should + do 。
　　He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him
clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。


发不了了

编辑本段省略虚拟条件
省略连词if　　有时可将条件从句的连词if省略，但此时应用倒装句型，即把从句中的were,should,had
等提到句首：
　　Were I Tom,I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。
　　Should it be necessary,I would go. 假若有必要，我会去的。
　　Had it not been for the bad weather we would have
arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。
　　【注】
　　① 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were,should,had
等缩略成Weren’t,Shouldn’t,Hadn’t而置于句首。
　　② 有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词：
　　Had I time,I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…)
省略主语和动词be　　若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词be，通常可将主语和动词be省略：
　　If repaired earlier,the tractor would not have broken
down.
　　要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)
省略“it+be”　　If
necessary,I would send more farmhands to help you.
　　如果需要的话，我会派更多的人去帮你。(=If it was necessary,…)
省略条件从句　　这样的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，即省略条件从句后，所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的：
　　I might see her personally. It would be better.
我可以亲自去看她，这样好一些。(=If I saw her personally,it would be better.)
编辑本段含蓄条件句中　　(1)
条件暗含在短语中。如：
　　We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we
would have telephoned him.
　　我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。（暗含条件是otherwise）
　　Without your help,we wouldn’t have achieved so much.
　　没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成绩。
　　（暗含条件是介词短语without your help）
　　But for your help,I would not have succeeded in the
experiment.
　　如果没有你的帮助，我的实验就不会成功。（暗含条件是but for your help）
　　It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the
bearing immediately.
　　不立即润滑轴承就会引起很大的故障。
　　（暗含条件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately）
　　(2) 条件暗含在上下文中。如：
　　I would not have done it that way.
　　我是不会那么做的。（可能暗含if I were you）
　　I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have come to
help you.
　　我那天很忙。否则我会来帮你的。（可能暗含if I hadn’t been so busy.）
　　You might come to join us in the discussion.
　　你可以参加我们的讨论。（可能暗含if you wanted to）
　　I would have bought the DVD player.
　　我是会买下那台影碟机的。（可能暗含if I had the money）
　　But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier.
　　要不是碰到暴雨，我们还会早些到。（可能暗含if it had not been for the
storm）。

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